Exercise Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Exercise - Assignment Example Fillmore et als principle works are intelligible by utilization of models. For example, Fred and Andy are twin siblings and are recouping in medical clinic. For the situation, a medical caretaker goes into the room and discovers them in a similar sitting position and their wellbeing conditions are the equivalent regarding eye appraisal. On the off chance that the medical attendant reports that: presently Andy can sit well. In a similar configuration, the medical attendant reports that Fred can sit well at this point. The two same reports introduced by a similar medical caretaker are probably going to be fathomed in varying terms by others. The comprehension relies upon the relativity of the comments with serious respects to the foundation scenes. Fillmore et als generally involved the utilization of term outline concerning an admiration that involves a well-spoken and rational individuatable referent observation, experience, activity, memory, and article. Fillmore is mostly dug in on the casing semantics that is profoundly supporting with start of a concise history (Corrigan, 2009). The utilization of the edge semantics is regularly thought to be an immensely casual methodology concerning the emblematic implications yet additionally have certain methodologies that identify with outline semantics (Pawlak and Bielak, 2011). The fundamental distinction between radical development and other development language structure draws near. Radical development language structure alludes to the hypothesis that involves a syntactic that is profoundly agent that is exceptionally perfect with significant outcomes that verge on the realities of sentence structure. The pith of the extreme Construction Grammar profoundly digs on the proposed or exceptionally moderate model that involves sentence structure gathered from a widespread point of view. Radical Construction Grammar gets massively from its s name. It exceptionally demonstrates a combination of development punctuation while development language structure alludes generally to a group of speculations that has syntactic

Essay --

John Hodges Ms. Roney World Literature 4 December 2013 Exciting modern lifestyle Essay Truth and joy share a relationship of not knowing reality, which just makes individuals more joyful. The individuals of the new world lost their opportunities yet consequently get numerous joys. This in this way adds to the fear of knowing reality. They don’t need to know reality since they are prepared not to and it appears they don’t need to know reality, either. To maintain a strategic distance from ever knowing reality they use soma. By taking somas, they maintain a strategic distance from truth at whatever point they are startled by it. It thusly disguises their distresses and rather fills them with counterfeit mind flights. In the story there are two sorts of facts. One sort of truth is identified with human connections and feelings. Feelings and connections give individuals extraordinary satisfaction, yet they likewise can cause a lot of torment. Because of these torments, nobody structures associations with the other gender. Alongside this they think of it as anomalous to feel connection to somebody. There are no couples or families and the possibility of modesty is firmly prohibited. The oth...

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John Stuart Mill on Individual Liberty Essay - 2353 Words

John Stuart Mill on Individual Liberty Definition of Individual liberty In his work On Liberty, Mill placed much emphasis on individual liberty and its vital role in political society. To Mill, this phrase may be defined as the liberty of the individual to be the final judge over his actions; to decide what is right and wrong and to act upon that standard. On a secondary level, it also implies ones freedom to pursue ones own individuality. Mill believed in a society in which each individual leads his own distinctive life according to his own unique talents; unfettered by regulations upon thought, opinion, actions etc. However, Mill asserts an important caveat; that which he calls `the very simple principle. He writes, `That†¦show more content†¦Value of Individual Liberty Indeed, Mill asserted that the cultivation of ones individuality should be the goal of human existence. He wrote On Liberty as an argument against repressive laws which inhibit voluntary association and suppress original ideas and ways of thinking, in a bid to protect the freedom of the individual from stifling social conventions, oppressive legal controls and censorship. What is the value of individual liberty that calls for it to be defended so fervently by Mill? Individual Liberty and Truth Firstly, Mill believes that individual liberty is instrumental in the attainment of truth. No one can claim an infallibility of knowledge or a definite truth. Falsehoods are often sprinkled with specks of truth; and truth may exists as half-truths held by different people, and it is only through controversy that the truth in the parts can be unified into a larger canvas of the ultimate truth. If ones actions were to be censored completely, society would lose those specks of truth amongst the falsehoods, which would be disadvantageous to society. Furthermore, truth is very often not derived from the masses, but from the ideas of a select few. If these people are silenced by repressive laws or mass opinion, society will be deprived of a chance to find outShow MoreRelatedJohn Stuart Mills Work881 Words   |  4 PagesJohn Stuart Mill’s work provides a valuable insight to the issue of medicine that harm people in the classical utilitarian. Many people consider that prescription for medical marijuana as a moral sin or something that should be given to help the patients to improve his/her bad condition. As a majority of people and federal consider prescription for medical marijuana is immoral and it is restricted in many states including Texas. In the section on liberty, John StuartRead More`` On Liberty `` By John Stuart Mill1458 Words   |  6 PagesJohn Stuart Mill was an English philosopher and a progressive in British politics during the 17th century. He lived during a time of political transformation in England caused by the Industrial Revolution. The Industrial Revolution brought social mobility to the middle and lower class, along with more political participation. With this newfound freedom, the people of England felt their liberties were being diminished because they had the ability to accomplish all the more but in some cases, couldRead MoreJohn Locke And John Stuart Mill s On Liberty Essay1748 Words   |  7 Pagesphilosophers over time have developed their own conceptions of liberty and the relationship of individuals to not only society, but also the state. Political philosophers such as, Aristotle and Plato have more of an ancient conception of liberty and the role the individual plays in society and to the state. Whereas, Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and John Stuart Mill have developed a more modernized conception of liberty and the role of the individual to the state and society. Plato’s work the Republic, andRead MoreJohn Locke And John Stuart Mill s On Liberty Essay1200 Words   |  5 PagesPhilosophers over time have developed their own conceptions of liberty and the relationship of individuals to not only society, but also the state. Political Philosophers such as, Aristotle and Plato have more of an ancient conception of liberty and the role the individual plays in society and to the state. Whereas, Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and John Stuart Mill have developed a more modernized conception of liberty and the role of the individual to the state and society. Plato’s work the Republic, andRead MoreIndividualism And Liberty By John Stuart Mill1196 Words   |  5 Pages In the essay, Liberty, written by John Stuart Mill, Mill states that individualism is the theory that â€Å"[o]ver himself, over his own body and mind, the individual is sovereign† (7). Before coming to this conclusion, Mill first explains that individualism and liberty were defined in ways far different from definitions now and that true individualism did not exist until later in history. It takes him several paragraphs and even chapters to finally suggest that a man, by himself, is free to do whatRead MoreKarl Marx And John Stuart Mill Essay1576 Words   |  7 PagesKarl Marx and John Stuart Mill were both philosophers who lived in the 1800s. Beginning with Karl Marx, he was a German philosopher, journalist, and revolutionary socialist. In his adult years, Marx was not recognized as a citizen of any country even though he was born in Germany and he spent most of his years in London, England. There, he continued to evolve his philosophy and social thought in participation o r collaboration with a German thinker called Friedrich Engels. They worked together andRead MoreAnalysis Of The Text On Liberty By John Stuart Mill1642 Words   |  7 PagesAccording the text ‘On Liberty’ by John Stuart Mill, his position with respect to free speech is that even one person had a specific opinion, mankind is not given grounds to silence him. Mill’s argument regarding free speech is valid because he protects the liberty of the individual over the popular opinion of society. I agree with Mill’s point of view because I also believe that everyone should have the voice to express what they wish, excluding when it causes harm to others. Mill begins the text byRead MoreThe Impact Of Media On American Society1640 Words   |  7 Pages John Stuart Mill in a post 9/11 Western Society Adam Kershek History 1002-106: Growth of Western Civilization Since 1715 November 2, 2017 It is no mystery that 9/11 brought upon change in American society. The lasting effects of this unforgiving event, such as, the ongoing wars, the severity of immigration and deportation laws, and the increase in racial profiling, continues to disrupt American society. This brings up an important question: Why are these still lasting issues inRead MoreMarx, Mill And Freud s Critique Of Political Economy And The Communist Manifesto Essay1133 Words   |  5 Pagesmerely implicit) notions of freedom and unfreedom we find in the texts we have read by Marx, Mill and Freud. Use the esoteric traditions we have examined thus far (from the Book of Job to Plato) as a comparative yardstick, or point of reference, but without letting them take over the foreground in your paper -- the latter should be reserved for these three figures. Karl Marx, Sigmund Freud, and John Stuart Mill are three authors who tackle the topic of freedom in unique ways, but their messages areRead MoreAccording to Mills, government should not be attempting to control individual freedoms, but should1100 Words   |  5 Pages According to Mills, government should not be attempting to control individual freedoms, but should be helping individuals develop in society. A society is only as great as the people who are in it. How a person develops should be up to them, but a government should support that development. Ensuring a free flow of factual information and opportunities for open discussion are ways a government can help. Again, he uses history as his support. He says that the history of mankind is a history of intellectual

The Dramatic Effectiveness of Three Soliloquies in Romeo...

The Dramatic Effectiveness of Three Soliloquies in Romeo and Juliet Romeo and Juliet was written in the early 19th century. The play was written at the peak of William Shakespeares work and is considered as one of his most poetic plays. The choice of language is greatly varied and can be very emotional. It creates a great atmosphere and a superb play. During the play, Shakespeare uses many long and emotional speeches. These are called soliloquies. These soliloquies communicate with the audience sometimes creating dramatic irony. The long soliloquies also help to further the plot and they also include emotions of the characters and information about them. The soliloquies also differ from†¦show more content†¦He compares the natural flowers to a feeding baby, then again explaining that all good can turn to bad. The flowers can be a vital medicine, or can be a poison that could kill that same person. This is emphasising on the fact that everything should be treated with respect. In this soliloquy, there is a great deal of emotion towards the flowers. Friar Lawrence treasures them as they bring him lots of good. Romeo is on his way to Friar Lawrence whilst Friar Lawrence is saying his soliloquy. Romeo wants to ask Friar Lawrence to marry Romeo to Juliet. We soon find out that Friar Lawrence does marry them as he thinks that it will stop the family from feuding. The audience are happy that Romeo and Juliet are going to get married, but they are also scared in case they get caught. The next soliloquy I am going to study is taken form Act 4, Scene 3. This scene takes place in Juliets bedroom. She has told her father that she is willing to marry Paris, but through dramatic irony we know that she intends to fake her death and to be with Romeo. A great del has happened before and leading up to Juliets soliloquy. For example, Romeo has been banished from Verona and Tybalt, Juliets cousin is dead. Friar Lawrence has planned to write a letter to Romeo explaining what is going to happen and what Romeo has to do. Again though dramatic irony we know that thisShow MoreRelatedGender Roles and Attitudes toward Love in Shakespeares Hamlet5989 Words   |  24 PagesRomeo and Juliet is a heart-breaking tragedy written early in the career of playwright William Shakespeare telling us the story of two teenage ‘star-cross’d lovers’ whose unfortunate deaths ultimately unite the dispute between their two families. Despite the perils involved, they fall in lov e and marry with the help of two characters, Friar Lawrence and the Nurse. Throughout the play, Shakespeare portrays a range of different kinds of love through the central female characters. Maternal love is offeredRead MoreAmerican Literature11652 Words   |  47 Pagesmanuscript is now in the British Library, but has been made accessible to all by The Electronic Beowulf Project. It was once owned by Sir Robert Bruce Cotton, an antiquary or collector of Anglo-Saxon Charters and manuscripts, whose library was among three foundation collections brought together by the creation of the British Museum in 1753. Read the story of Beowulf Important Terms Primary Epic: an epic is a poem that records and celebrates the heroic achievements of an individual or individuals

Public Land Of Public Lands - 959 Words

Public lands that allow us to easily access natural amenities have received more attention recently in the sense that they provide quality of life for residents and recreational opportunities for tourists. These characteristics of public lands provide economic benefits for communities adjacent to public lands. These communities refer to gateway communities, which have economic ties to public lands and provide necessary services for visitors to public lands (Kurtz, 2010; U.S. House of Representatives, 2005). Examples include towns abut to national and state forests, monuments, parks, wildlife refuge, lakeshores, scenic riverway, and recreation area (Kurtz, 2010). These communities generally have a smaller population base and yet are â€Å"hotspots† that experience rapid population and economic growth (Hester, 2013). In addition, they have characteristically relied on relatively few or even a single source to drive the local economy (Kurtz, 2003). Traditionally, most gateway communities have economically depended on resource extraction industries. However, advocates of the preservation of public lands, incited through a rise in environmental awareness and movement, urged elected officials to establish strong resources protection laws (Foresta, 1984; Wirth, 1980). From the 1960s through 1980, congress responded and passed a variety of acts such as the Endangered Species Act of 1973 (Public Law 91-135; 16 U.S.C 1531-1544, 87 Stat. 884), Federal Land Policy and Management Act of 1976Show MoreRelatedProblem Statement Versus Needs Assesment1384 Words   |  6 Pageswill be stated either as a reduction of what is currently a problem or an enhancement of a need to be added to a current situation. For example, let’s look at a fictitious rural community facing a particular environmental situation. The federal public land manager in charge of a watershed surrounding the small, rural community of Cottonwood Creek brings a partnership of local stakeholders together worried about the namesake stream that flowed through their town of 4,000 people. The meeting includesRead MoreThe Loss Of Public Farming Land741 Words   |  3 PagesIn addition to the loss of public farming land, the opportunity arose for far wealthier citizens to expand the Roman latifundia (large plantation estates) as prices declined. This expansion also increased the already existing practice of slavery and drove smaller subsistence farmers off of the land, both by legal and illegal means. â€Å"The rich began to offer larger rents and drove out the poor. Then the poor, who had been ejected from the land, no longer showed themselves eager for military serviceRead MoreEssay about Public Grazing Lands1857 W ords   |  8 Pagesgrazing of public lands has become a very controversial issue over the last couple of decades. This is due to the fact that there are some people who believe that grazing the land is beneficial to the wildlife and the different plant species there. Then there are other people who have the belief that the grazing of livestock on public lands is detrimental to wildlife and plant health. Therefore, they believe that it is actually doing more harm than good. What are Public Grazing Lands? Public landsRead MoreAdvantages of Grazing Cattle on Public Lands782 Words   |  3 Pages Grazing cattle on public lands can have many advantages. Monetary gain is a large reason why lands are utilized (Council for Agricultural Science, Livestock Grazing on Federal Land). However grazing may be used as a tool for managing rangelands. Grazing could have possibly been the first form of rangeland management other than fire (Frost, Prescription Grazing). With this method, weeds and other undesirable vegetation were targeted to reduce numbers. However, if prescribed incorrectly it couldRead MoreProject Report731 Words   |  3 PagesPurifying Public Plots I will volunteer at the National Public Lands Day event at Big Morongo Canyon Preserve. This event involves repairing fences, trails, and signs at the preserve. The preserves volunteer coordinator, Leslie Burkhardt, will coordinate the event. The reason why this project is important is that it gives me a chance to work with land that I have access to, but have not done any work to deserve access. First, I need to take to complete this project, is to get all of the waiverRead MorePublic Land Policy, And The Wilderness Act Of 1964845 Words   |  4 Pages1. Introduction For the past decades, public land policy debates have intensified among scholars, planners, and policy makers. The root of the debates is a question of which types of public lands management can provide better economic benefits to adjacent regions that are referred to gateway communities. For a long time, resource extractive industries – such as mineral, oil, coal, and timber development sectors - have been a primary growth engine for the economic growth in those communities. HoweverRead MoreThe Land Is Public Property In Ethiopia Case Analysis741 Words   |  3 PagesThe land is public property in Ethiopia [Gebreselassie 2006]; both rural and urban lands are made available to the investors at a competitive price on a Lease-Hold basis. The Lease or Rental value of land and fixed assets may transfer to the third party, but not the land. Incidentally, about the capital requirement, to assist investors to decide to invest on their own or jointly with the domestic investors the m inimum capital required for a single project has been apprehended. Under the InvestmentRead MoreThe Control of Public Land and the Consequences of Global Climate811 Words   |  3 Pagesworld’s largest known concentrations of oil shale and tar sands. More than 70 percent of oil shale in America can be found within federal lands in Wyoming, Colorado, and Utah. There are 50 confirmed tar sands deposits found in eastern Utah, with more suspected to be in the area. The Bureau of Land Management has already approved the lease of over 800,000 acres of land for tar sand and shale oil development across what is known as the Green River Formation. The combined oil reserve is estimated to beRead MoreA Research Study On The School Fire Occurred On Public Land1455 Words   |  6 Pagesdifference in the tree seedling densities as compared to unlogged sites? My hypothesis for this question is that there will be a greater density of tree species in the salvage logged site than the unl ogged site. Methods The School Fire occurred on public land in Washington’s Umatilla National Forest in August, 2005. It burned approximately 21,000 ha of grassland and mixed conifer forest (Figure 1). Pre-disturbance stand structure of the mixed conifer forest in the area was dominated by ponderosa pineRead MoreAboriginal Reservation Land Be Compulsorily Acquired For The Purpose Of Public Works1215 Words   |  5 PagesMaori reservation land be compulsorily acquired for the purpose of public works by the Minister of Land Information? No, according to legislation to primary legislation Te Ture Whenua Maori Act 1993 and the Public Works Act 1981 and a recent decision from the New Zealand Environment Court. In Grace .v. Minister for Land Information (2014), a New Zealand Environment Court (NZEnvC) case, the primary legal considerations regarding compulsory public works acquisitions of Maori land were brought to the

Aggregates Modulate Neuronal Survival †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Aggregates Modulate Neuronal Survival. Answer: Introduction: The Chosen paper is about neurodegenerative disease, which is caused due to Degeneration or regular date of neuron a cells. Cerium oxide nanoparticle (CeONPs) is believed to be one of the essential element that can be used for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorder. The current paper discusses about importance of Cerium oxide nanoparticle that are used for the treatment of neurological disorder including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. Multiple sclerosis, ischemic stroke and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis are few of the other common forms of Neurological disorders that are discussed in the given paper management. This is one of the main findings of the papers is related to the therapeutic use of the Cerium oxide nanoparticles that seems to have Antioxidant activity within the neurogenetics cells. One of the major cause of Alzheimer's disease is degeneration of brain-derived neurotrophic factor protein (BDNF), which is considered to be the main biomolecules for memory formation inside brain (Castrn and Kojima 2017). The reduced amount of bdnf in brain is directly linked with degradation of neuron cells. The experiment conducted by Cimini et al. (2012) have discussed about the Neuroblastoma cells, which are used in the treatment of Alpha Beta cell line. The CeONPs are used in the purpose of Signal transduction pathway in regeneration of neural cells that are used in memory storage. Alpha beta factor of CeONPs help to induce mitochondrial fragmentation that are used to revive the cells in memory generation management. The use of CeONPs has been effective in the treatment of Parkinson's disease, which is mainly caused due to exposure of neuron cells to manganese. The antioxidant nature of CeONPs used in the measurement of cell metabolism, which is believed to have a significant impact on the regeneration of neural cells. The paper has also discussed about application of CeONPs in treatment of other neurodegenerative disorder including multiple cirrhosis. In vitro experiment has proved that CeONPs can be stabilized with the use of citrate and polyethylene glycol. The future relevant research work needs to accurately focus of on the usages of CeONPs with specific focus on its ROS-scavenging property. It is also important to design drugs for better encapsulating potential of CeONPs. This will help in the purpose of Oxidative stress reduction and thereby help in the purpose of fibrillation and kintices of CNS protein. All the family of protein under CNS need to be given special focus in order to improve the treatment quality of both Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. Contribution of the paper in the study of neurodegenerative disease The main focus point about the selected research paper is the discussion made related to CeONPs and its oxidative property that are used in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Previous research experiment by Dillon et al. (2011), have describe the importance of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles to protect against the MPTP induced Dopaminergic Neurodegeneration. The mouse model has been used for the given purpose the understand the impact of the same on Parkinson's disease. The free radicals of CeONPs that act as the free scavenger has been studied to understand its impact in the purpose of regeneration. This previous research work has helped the current paper to review the same in context of future potential of CeONPs as nanoparticles that are used for the purpose of Neurodegenerative treatment. The research work by DeCoteau et al. (2016), have describe the function of CeONPs that are used to neutralize reactive Oxygen and nitrogen species, which is believed to induce oxidative stress. This is responsible for causing amyotrophic lateral sclerosis that is one of the major Neurodegenerative diseases. The current paper has therefore been able to review the antioxidant property of cerium oxide nanoparticle. Potential advancement in the neural and clinical settings The potential advancement that is being highlighted in the paper is the advancement in the treatment of the neurodegerative disease. According to Naz et al. (2017), CeONP can be effectively used in the treatment of Alzheimers disease. The treatment of CeONP is mainly based on the anti-xidant activity of CeONP. This is stated as the potential advancement because, according to Padurariu et al. (2013), one of the leading biological mechanism behind the development of the Alzheimers disease is the increase in the level of the oxidative stress as highlighted by the stress theory of agving. Thus this antoxidnat therapy mainly targets the reactive oxygen species which is generated from the biochemical mechains of ageining and thereby helping in the treatement of Alzheimers disease. Earlier the main treatment of the Alzheimers diease mainly involved around the use of transcranial brain stimulation but according to Nardone et al. (2012) transcranial brain stimulation induce short-duration ben eficial effects. Thus were not optimally capbale towards establishing significant evidence for therapeutic efficacy. According to Douaud et al. (2013), Vitaim B is also use towards the treatment of the alzheimers diease but this therapy is mostly directed towards the gray matter atrophy and thus in majority of times is regarded to be non-specific. The results highlighted in the study of Naz et al. (2017) showed that the CeONP is effective in the disruption of the neurofibrirally tangles which are deposited in the hippocampus of the brain. Thus the target of CeONP is specific and thereby making it a potential therapy plan of in the domain of the dieases related to neuroscience. Accoridng to Naz et al. (2017), antioxidants property of CeONP can also be utilised for the treatment of the another neurodegerative disease, Parkinson, multiple sclerosis, and laterial sceloris. This findings are extremely significant because, this kind of neurdegerative disease is fatal. It mainly effect tha t dopaminergic cells of the brain which increases the level of stress among the neuronal cells via creating disruption in the autophagic catabolism, endiplasmic reticulum stress mitochondrial dysnfunction and loss of calcium homeostatsis. All these biochemical mechanism are extremely significant of miantainng equilibirum in the body and any disruption in this mechanism leads to fatal outcomes (Michel, Hirsch and Hunot 2016). Thus providing a substitute treatment plan in order to treat fatal neurodegerative disease is indeed a significant approach in neurosicnece. Moreover, CeONP provides oxidative stress relief which helps in the possible clearance of the stress factor over the endoplasmic reticulum and over the mitochondria and thereby helping to reduce the chrinicty of the disease (Michel, Hirsch and Hunot 2016). Naz et al. (2017) have further recommended that the presence of amalgamated valence states along with extraordinary antioxidant properties conatined in the CeONPs make th em one of the prospective therapeutic target for the treatment of some of the fatal yet common neurodegerative diseases. The unique redox property possessed by cerium oxide present them as one of the potent antioxidants in comparison to other ROS modulators. Moreover, CeONP have long half life further making them potent for the targeted delivery into the body without loss in the efficiay of the particile. Legal and ethical issues related to the paper There are no significant legal and ethical isssues that can be highlighted in this paper. This because. The paper is mostly based on the summary of the recent findings in the domain of CeONP treatment in variour neurological dieases like Alzheimers diease, Parkinsons diease, multiple sclerosis and lateral scelrosis. However, according to the Paraho et al. (2014), while conducting the systematic review, proper citation of the each are very paper along with thorugh documentation is mandatory in order to avoid the ethical and legal threat of plagiarism. The study conducted by Naz et al. (2017) have succinately referenced all the required citation along with the detailed elaboration in the reference list. However, there are no significant indication of whether the paper selected for the systetamic review is based on the human trials or animal trial. Further elaboration of the trail nature of the paper selected for the review is mandatory in order to make the paper more ethically and lega lly authentic (Parahoo 2014). Reference Castrn, E. and Kojima, M., 2017. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor in mood disorders and antidepressant treatments. Neurobiology of disease, 97, pp.119-126. Cimini, A., DAngelo, B., Das, S., Gentile, R., Benedetti, E., Singh, V., Monaco, A.M., Santucci, S. and Seal, S., 2012. Antibody-conjugated PEGylated cerium oxide nanoparticles for specific targeting of A aggregates modulate neuronal survival pathways. Acta biomaterialia, 8(6), pp.2056-2067. DeCoteau, W., Heckman, K.L., Estevez, A.Y., Reed, K.J., Costanzo, W., Sandford, D., Studlack, P., Clauss, J., Nichols, E., Lipps, J. and Parker, M., 2016. Cerium oxide nanoparticles with antioxidant properties ameliorate strength and prolong life in mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine, 12(8), pp.2311-2320. Dillon, C.D., Billings, M., Hockey, K.S., DeLaGarza, L. and Rzigalinski, B.A., 2011. Cerium oxide nanoparticles protect against MPTP-induced dopaminergic neurodegeneration in a mouse model for Parkinsons disease. Nanotechnology, 3, pp.451-454. Douaud, G., Refsum, H., de Jager, C.A., Jacoby, R., Nichols, T.E., Smith, S.M. and Smith, A.D., 2013. Preventing Alzheimers disease-related gray matter atrophy by B-vitamin treatment.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,110(23), pp.9523-9528. Michel, P.P., Hirsch, E.C. and Hunot, S., 2016. Understanding dopaminergic cell death pathways in Parkinson disease.Neuron,90(4), pp.675-691. Nardone, R., Bergmann, J., Christova, M., Caleri, F., Tezzon, F., Ladurner, G., Trinka, E. and Golaszewski, S., 2012. Effect of transcranial brain stimulation for the treatment of Alzheimer disease: a review.International Journal of Alzheimers Disease,2012. Naz, S., Beach, J., Heckert, B., Tummala, T., Pashchenko, O., Banerjee, T. and Santra, S., 2017. Cerium oxide nanoparticles: a radicalapproach to neurodegenerative disease treatment.Nanomedicine,12(5), pp.545-553. Padurariu, M., Ciobica, A., Lefter, R., Lacramioara Serban, I., Stefanescu, C. and Chirita, R., 2013. The oxidative stress hypothesis in Alzheimers disease.Psychiatria Danubina,25(4), pp.0-409. Parahoo, K., 2014.Nursing research: principles, process and issues. Palgrave Macmillan.

African American Vernacular free essay sample

Works of the African American Vernacular Culture When thinking of musical genres such as Jazz, blues, and hip-hop, most Americans do not realize that they are the essential components to the evolution of African American Vernacular Literature. In fact, It Is the key factor that brought African American culture Into the limelight In America. Since the first black peoples In America were slaves, and were not allowed to read or write, the African American Vernacular Traditions began as completely oral communications in the form of church songs, blues, jazz, rhythm and blues, and hip hop.The African American Vernacular began as Spiritual and Secular works, which portrayed the struggles of the slaves and black population over the centuries. Through the years, African American Vernacular has advanced into the most widely listened to musical genre in Americas youth today. The African American vernacular consists of forms sacred-?songs, prayers, sermons-?and secular-?work songs, secular rhymes and songs, blues, Jazz, and stories of many kinds It also consists of dances (Gates, McKay 6). We will write a custom essay sample on African American Vernacular or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Traits that suggest that a work Is of African American culture consist of : Call-response patterns, dance- eats, and most Importantly, Improvisation. (Gates, McKay, 6). The earliest form of these spoken traditions are known as spirituals. African American slaves are reported to have sung these religious songs since the beginning of slavery. Slaves sang these tunes all throughout the day to provide a mental escape from their current state and to explain their sorrows and hardships (Gates, McKay, 8).The slave masters thought the slaves were singing these songs through their forced belief in the Christian religion, but they actually contained codes that referred to the slaves obtaining freedom. Im trying to make heaven my home is a common phrase in spirituals, as in City Called Heaven (Gates, McKay, 11). After Spirituals came Gospels, which were nearly the same as Spirituals, but more geared to the acceptance of Christianity. They are so similar that some songs can be considered both Gospel and Spirituals.Gospels were very specific toward Jesus rather than broader Like Spirituals, almost Like a communication with God. Gospels became popular in the sasss and introduced the usage of instruments. They were the first to be marketed and are still being written and composed today in modern hurries. Gospels also heavily influenced the development of the blues. . .. To term a poem or work of fiction a blues piece or to note blues influence within it is to associate it with modern black American vernacular expression at its finest (Gates, McKay, 49).The blues originated in Louisiana at the beginning of the 20th century. Although they were derived from Spirituals and Gospels, only one person sings, rather than an entire chorus. An interesting aspect of the blues is the call and response between either the singer and the chorus, and the singer and an instrument. During these call and response sections with an instrument, the Instrument tends to mall not only the tune, but also the tone of the vocalist. They do not mention anything sacred; therefore they are secular, unlike gospel and spirituals.Instead, it explains earthly troubles and hopes for better days. It is a way considered the father of the blues because he compiled the first idiomatic pattern for blues song, which consisted of 12 bar forms, three lines and four beats in each. Ere first and second lines were identical, with the third line completing the thought. Gates, McKay, 48). Although this is a common pattern, it is not required in a blues song, nor does it define a blues song. The blues also has a great deal on Improvisation, which gives it an important African American characteristic. Blues was also one of the major genres that inspired the works of Jazz to be born. Jazz also began in the first few decades of the 20th century, and was not only influenced by the blues, but also ragtime, marching band music, opera and other European classical music, Native American music, Spirituals, work songs (Gates, McKay, 64). Jazz was created to encompass the many aspects of urban America, pacifically the train. The locomotive represented moving away from old slave territories, images of trains from old spirituals, and the Underground Railroad (Gates, McKay, 65). It is also described as Jam-session-like talk that drove people to get up and dance (Gates, McKay, 65). Like the blues, Jazz uses call and response and call and recall between the singer and instruments to create a conversation-like sound. It also uses improvisation, which is characteristic of African American vernacular. Lazy artists understand and base their works off the fact that things Just might not urn out how they want them to, yet they still celebrate life and possibilities (Gates, McKay, 65). Rhythm and Blues came onto the scene thanks to the marketplace rather than musicians.After World War II, black dance music became popular and began to appear all over the world in dance halls and even variety shows. By the sasss, records were being produced and even worked up for cross-over marketing to white audiences (Gates, McKay, 69). RB music combined blues, Jazz, Latin and gospel, and was influenced by blue-mood crooners, gospel and blues stoppers, and a chapel singers who created a style called dodo-hop (Gates, McKay, 69). The Mouton label developed a group of singers in the sasss to increase record sales to teens.This group of talented artists included The Jackson 5, the Temptations, and Martha and the Vandals. As many know, Michael Jackson from the Jackson 5 would go on to be a mega pop artist, possibly the most influential of his time. RB can be described as blues like with sentimental songs, or upbeat and cheerful, such as Martha and the Vandals, Dancing in the Street. Another highly famous singer, Retreat Franklin was influential in the Rhythm and Blues frenzy. With her song, Respect, came a complete protest to the man as well as men in relationships. With songs and groups such as these, Rhythm and Blues shed even more light on the African American vernacular culture. The most recent African American influenced craze is Hip Hop. It is inspired by many of the same cultures such as Native Americans Caribbean and Europeans. Otherwise known as rap, hip hop is a type of stylized talk between verses that is characteristic of blues and rhythm and blues song forms (Gates, McKay, 78). It can be traced back everywhere from black preachers sermons, to game chants, to barber shop arguing.It also derives from the banter of disc Jockeys who spoke over the recording they were spinning (Gates, McKay, 78). It also has traces of scat singing In the late asss hip hop became popular underground in New York City, and finally it was recognized by producers. Its unique way or using sound systems as instruments by scratching and spinning records made it highly marketable. The first song ever released was Rappers Delight by Sugar Hill gang (Gates, McKay, 79), which traveled all over the world, creating a sensation. This is where the title rapper came from, although most artists still prefer hip hop or M.C. Hip hop today influences violence, verbal and physical, and can be crude and Lugar at times as well. Hip hop artists argue that these themes only echo current Issues in the U. S. Culture. Political agendas and views are also placed into these Norms such as racial profiling and other forms of harassment that our nation is still struggling to address (Gates, McKay, 79). Rap also supports graffiti, as well as sets new trends for dress, hairstyle and formal writing (Gates, McKay, 80). Hip Hop explains the struggles of African Americans in America, Just like spirituals and work songs did for the slaves.For instance, in 1982 Grandmaster Flash Ere Furious Five recorded The Message, which depicts the hard life of a young African American man trying to survive in America. l cant walk through the park cause its crazy after dark/Keep my hand on my centaurs they got me on the run/ feel like an outlaw/Broke my last glass Jaw/Hear the say, Mimi want some more? /Living on a seesaw/ Dont push me cause Im close to the edge/lam trying not to lose my head/ Say what? /lets like a Jungle sometimes, it makes me wonder/How I keep from going under (Gates, McKay, 84). This verse vi vidly shows what disadvantaged AfricanAmericans have to struggle for safety and even survival in their neighborhoods. He goes on to explain how it is hard to be stay sane while in a situation he has no way of getting out of. This song has become widely popular again since the release of Happy Feet, the movie, released in 2004. In the movie, the baby penguins are supposed to sing a song that comes from their heart, which their mates will be attracted to. One baby penguin sings The Message as his mating call. Ludicrous released a song in December 2004 called The Potion. He incorporates his own verses, as well as a work song from when the slaves were working in the fields. Is song is called Pick a Bale of Cotton. Ludicrous uses the work song, Jump down, turn around to pick a bale of cotton. /Jump down, turn around, pick a bale a day. Oh Lordly, pick a bale of cotton! /Oh Lordly, pick a bale a day! (Gates, McKay, 40). Then he comes in with his own verse, Still working like a slave/ Learning tricks in the trade in the ghetto state of mind till Im rich and Im paid [picking records/Like cotton in the thick of the day Ludicrous is comparing his life of producing records and earning his living in a competitive industry to the slaves working in the cotton and hay fields.

Energy and Life Essays - Photosynthesis, Chloroplast, Thylakoid

Energy and Life Essays - Photosynthesis, Chloroplast, Thylakoid Energy and Life Plants and some other type of organisms are able to use light energy from the sun to produce food. Organisms such as plants, which make their own food, are called autotrophs. Other organisms, such as animals, cannot use the suns energy directly, these are known as heterotrophs. They obtain energy from the foods they consume. One of the principal chemical compounds that living things use to store energy is adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The energy released when ATP is released when ATP is converted into ADP and a phosphate group. The characteristics of ATP make it an exceptionally useful molecule that is used by all types of cells as their basic energy source. ATP also powers movement within the cell. Cell organelles are moved long microtubules by motor proteins that use the energy of ATP to generate force. A single molecule if the sugar glucose stores more than 90 times the chemical energy of a molecule of ATP. In the process of photosynthesis, plants use the energy of sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and high-energy carbohydrates sugars and starches. In the 1600s, the Belgian physician Jan van Helmont devised an experiment to find out if plants grew by taking material out of the soil. Many scientists have contributed to understanding how plants carry out photosynthesis. Early research focused on the overall process. Later researchers investigated the detailed chemical pathways. The experiments performed by van Helmont, Priestley, Ingenhouz, and other scientists reveal that in the presence of light, plants transform carbon dioxide and water into carbohydrates and release oxygen. Photosynthesis is a series of reactions that uses energy from the sun to convert water and carbon dioxide into sugars and oxygen. Photosynthesis takes place in a plant organelle called the chloroplast. Photosynthesis uses the energy of sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and high-energy sugars. Plants then use the sugars to produce complex carbohydrates such as starches. Plants obtain carbon dioxide from the air or water in which they grow. In addition to water and carbon dioxide, photosynthesis requires light and chlorophyll, a molecule in charge of chloroplasts. Plants gather the suns energy with light absorbing molecules called pigments. The plants principal pigment is chlorophyll. In plants and other photosynthetic eukaryotes, photosynthesis takes place inside chloroplasts. The chloroplasts contain saclike photosynthetic membranes called thylakoids. Thylakoids are arranged in stacks known as grana. Thylakoids contain clusters of chlorophyll and other pigments and protein known as photosystems that are able to capture the energy of sunlight. The stroma is the region outside the thylakoid membranes. Light Dependent Reactions: Take place in the thylakoids, and takes water, and uses the suns energy to make ATP and NADPH. Also gives off oxygen. NADPH: Carries high energy electrons. NADP^+ + H NADPH. Light Independent Uses ATP and NADPH to turn carbon dioxide into glucose.

Select an international organization with subsidiaries and examine the Essay

Select an international organization with subsidiaries and examine the operations of the firm in at least two different countrie - Essay Example Seattle, USA is the headquarters of Starbucks Coffee Company. The company operates in more than 60 countries where it has more than 18,000 stores and recording immense growth (â€Å"Starbucks Corporation† 1). The company has a corporate mission â€Å"to inspire and nurture the human spirit – one person, one cup and one neighborhood at a time (Bruhn-Hansen 19). Starbucks Coffee Company offers various products and services, which include coffee, warm, and cold beverages, premium and sell salads, books, gifts among other accessories (â€Å"Starbucks Corporation† 1). The company enjoys a huge competitive advantage and positive going concern because it has a wide market network, provides a wide range of products, and abhors quality in its operations. More so, Starbucks Coffee Company is a significant player and has a wide customer base in the coffee other blend- drinks industry. The company appreciates corporate social responsibility through its strategy and practice s (Bruhn-Hansen 19). In addition, since the company operates in various countries, it is prone to cultural influence and affects the lives of many people across the globe. Starbucks Coffee Company operates in the global business environment where it specializes in the coffee other blend- drinks industry. ... Indeed, Starbucks Coffee Company has a corporate social responsibility that seeks to attain sustainability and enhance the lives of its immediate society. For instance, the Starbucks Foundation promotes literacy levels among children by building schools for the Starbuck’s community (â€Å"Starbucks† 1). Furthermore, the company has an environmental strategy that seeks to conserve the environment that holds the operations of the company (Bruhn-Hansen 42). In the global business environment, Starbucks adopts market segmentation where it prefers to compete on comfort rather than on convenience in the upper-scale of the coffee market (Mourdoukoutas, 2013, p. 1). The company has various stakeholders, which fall into three categories that include primary stakeholders, secondary stakeholders, and public stakeholders (Bruhn-Hansen, 2012, p. 19). Specifically, the stakeholders are the shareholders, governments, and government agencies in host countries, customers, suppliers, emp loyees, franchisees, and non-governmental organizations. The stakeholders define the company’s operations in the global business environment. Nevertheless, Starbucks Coffee Company faces many challenges in the global market just like other international organizations. Starbucks suffers and is yet to recover the huge losses accrued from the recent financial crisis in Europe (Cameron 1). Moreover, the company has been facing the challenge of closing various stores in 2008 where it estimated the closure of 600 stores in the United States (Cameron 1). This affected the goodwill and operations of the company. Most of all, Starbucks Coffee Company faces the challenge of significant competition in

Small business use of electronic commerce Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Small business use of electronic commerce - Essay Example In an environment in which time is precious the advantage to the consumer is undeniable. Not only that, but the concept can reduce costs too. For instance, Pea Pod that stores the goods which a customer wants can sort and pack these goods considerably more efficiently than the store and can be located out of town in an industrial park or other area where cheap rents are available. Moreover, staffing requirements are lower, the incidence of in-store theft is reduced, and the hours of operation can be extended. For small business companies like KOA MART, the opportunities of Internet-based commerce seem considerable, but few companies have yet succeeded in exploiting them profitably. Such success is dependent on acquiring an in-depth understanding of the characteristics of the Internet and matching these with the characteristics of existing products or services. In contrast to Pea Pod, KOA MART proposes better catalogues and more vivid visual representation of its products. It is easy to find a product and its price. Pea Pod has poor design and simpler structure; it is difficult to navigate and use this site. The majority of sites linked to "small business +electronic commerce" are devoted to potential online resources and analysis of the market opportunities. Some of the sites propose technical assistance for small business while others highlight the main trends and e-news about developments within the industry. This information can also be used by small business organizations that want to sell as well as buy (Demery, 2007). Small business companies may see that competitor's price reduction appeals only to a certain type of customer (those, for example, who have easy access to the competitor's products; in other words, the discount is not sufficient to attract customers who do not have this access). In this case, proposal would be to restrict their own price reduction so that it applies only to those customers who have easy access to the competitor products. By doing this, they can minimize the impact of competitor's actions on overall margins (Demery, 2007). Thus companies may identify that if one of competitors reduces the price of a product, volume of sales will go down; if companies reduce price at the same time, volume of sales will remain static (assuming that companies also match competitor's price promotion or other marketing tactics). One of the key characteristics of the goods and services that are capable of being traded successfully on the Internet, therefore, is that they are recognized and understood by the consumer (Howlett, 2007). This means either that they must have a strong brand (so that the consumer knows what to expect) or that the goods must be of such a nature that the consumer knows what they will receive. There are many thousands of sites on the Internet, which makes it considerably more competitive than local shopping mall or high street. Getting people to enter a site is as difficult as, if not more difficult than, getting people to purchase goods from a retailer (Howlett, 2007). The Internet did not level the playing field between large and small businesses because large companies receive great opportunities to reduce prices and tattract global target audiences. While one of the major advantages offered by the Internet is that - as a manufacturer, for example - a small company no longer has to do battle with retailers and competitors to obtain the

A View from the Bridge Essay Example for Free

A View from the Bridge Essay Catherines response is immediate denial and hurt at his allegation. She â€Å"sobs†, demanding that he â€Å"stops† as they enter the house. This scene is a turning point in their relationship. For the first time, Catherine is defying Eddies superiority, choosing instead not to believe his claims. Being in a serious relationship, she has begun to grow apart from Eddie and not depend on him as much, which in turn upsets Eddie, who attempts to regain her adoration. Though in the past, Catherine may have trusted Eddies impeachments, her defiance is an act of choosing Rodolpho over Eddie, illustrating her shift from a child to a woman. For the remainder of Act One, Catherine continues to mature through her relationship with Rodolpho, causing her interactions with Eddie to become exceedingly stilted and tense. During this period, Catherine portrays her willingness to cooperate when Eddie makes the effort. Catherine becomes â€Å"nervously happy† when Eddie invites Marco and Rodolpho to watch a fight. She asks Eddie if she should â€Å"make coffee†, aiming to please him for his attempts to make peace with Rodolpho. After Eddie â€Å"lands a blow† on Rodolpho, Catherine begins to realize that the previous invitation was merely a ruse, and thus acts audaciously, discreetly challenging him by dancing with Rodolpho. Act Two begins with a discussion between Catherine and Rodolpho. Catherine confesses her fear of Eddie, a dramatic adverse to her initial loving attitude. When Eddie arrives home obviously drunk and demands that Rodolpho â€Å"packs it up†, Catherine announces that she too, will leave, causing Eddie to erupt in fury at her support for Rodolpho. This further hinders their relationship and Catherines finality is yet another act of defiance. Though Catherine is not outrightly furious, she portrays an air of resignation that simply illustrates her will to be with Rodolpho, including choosing him over Eddie. She still loves and accepts Eddie, however her love for Rodolpho is greater. After Eddie informs the authorities of illegal immigrants, Catherines demeanor changes yet again to complete abhorrence. On the day of her wedding, Eddie gives Beatrice an ultimatum, to be on his â€Å"side† or â€Å"their side†. At this, Catherine loses her temper and insults Eddie, comparing him to a rat that â€Å"belongs in the sewer†. Though her words are aggressive and callous, Catherine â€Å"weeps† as she says such, illustrating her upset at the way in which their relationship, among other factors, turned out. Catherine tells Eddie, after he has been stabbed that she â€Å"never meant to hurt† him, imploring him to understand her situation before his demise. This conveys that although she may have matured and become her own person, Eddie will still always remain a key influence in her life. Throughout A View from the Bridge, Catherines relationship with Eddie seems to digress rather than develop, as she grows and appreciates love. However, underlying their tension and her need for independence, Catherine is portrayed as always desiring Eddies approval. Initially, this is very obvious, but is still apparent when Eddie makes an effort to include Rodolpho, and yet again at the end of the performance, when she begs Eddie to comprehend her perceptions. Though Catherine is less apparent of her love for Eddie, she continues to love him, and crave his love for her. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Arthur Miller section.

The Holocaust Essay -- Nazi Germany Papers

The Holocaust All throughout history, Jews have been persecuted. The Jews were blamed for killing Jesus and the idea of anti- Semitism has been around centuries before Adolf Hitler and the Nazis. Adolf Hitler led the Nazis to power in 1933 promising to make Germany powerful and respected by the rest of the world. He promised to fight Communism, to find jobs for the six million unemployed workers in Germany, to restore law and order, and to get rid of the â€Å"Jewish influence† in Germany. Hitler’s speeches were full of hatred for the Jews and this encouraged his followers to attack Jewish people. The Nazis controlled the police. The Nazis controlled the law courts, and Jews soon discovered that they would have no protection against Nazi attacks. In April 1933 Nazis called for Jewish shops to be boycotted. Storm-Troopers stood outside shops and stopped Germans from going in. Slogans were painted on shop windows. These boycotts were not very effective so the Nazis needed more effective methods. Joseph Goebbles, who controlled propaganda, produced many anti Semitic books and In 1933 Jews were also banned from some professions such as: doctors and the civil servants. Hitler wanted a racially pure Germany this is why the Jews were banned from these professions because they didn’t want their influence to spread. Source A is an extract from the Nuremberg laws; in September 1935 it starts by saying, â€Å"A Jew may not be citizen of the Reich†. This Shows that the Jews where stateless and they had nowhere to go. After it says, ‘Jews have no vote; they may not fill any public office’. Thi... ... face. The killing centres were, isolated areas, moderately well hidden from public view. They were located near major railroad lines, allowing trains to transport hundreds of thousands of people to the killing sites easily. The deportations required the help of many people and all parts of the German government. The victims in Poland were already imprisoned in ghettos and totally under German control. The deportation of Jews from other parts of Europe, however, was a far more complex problem. The German foreign minister was successful in persuade German occupied nation to assist in the deportations. The introduction of the Auschwitz extermination camp meant that the Jews could be killed efficiently. Unlike other death camps which were build solely to kill Jews, the Auscwitz death camp had a work camp attached.

Comparing the revengers Fortinbras Essay

For this essay I will be comparing the revengers Fortinbras, Laertes and Hamlet. They each have their own roles as separate characters in the play and each have similarities and differences. All have strong reasons for wanting revenge. Fortinbras’ being a combination of political reasons and vengeance for his fathers’ death, whist Laertes and Hamlet are both avenging their fathers’ deaths. Nevertheless, the way in which each character goes about each of their revenge strategies is completely different. To show this I will be analysing how each react to various events within the play, starting with Hamlet himself. Revenge tragedies became very popular during 1600 at a time when theatre was of an unstable popularity and required the backing of men of influence to ensure it would continue. The theme of earlier revenge tragedies was the punishment of an evildoer through someone who had suffered because of him. The story source on which Hamlet was based had a dominating revenge theme. One of the basic elements of the revenge situation came to be the ghost: ‘A clear image of a spirit left restless through waiting for vengeance against the person who had inflicted suffering’. Its role being to urge the avenger to action and vengeance then to be sought and carried out in a series of dramatic episodes. Hamlet has clear links with this type of revenge tragedy. Other plays relating to the revenge tragedy such as Kyd’s ‘The Spanish Tragedy’ 91587) and the anonymous ‘Locrine’ (1595) have characters avenging deaths of close relatives. But in both these plays material considerations prevent fulfilment whereas in Hamlet, conscience is what stops the vengeance taking place. Shakespeare chose a theme, which deals wit a duty higher than the others, a son’s revenge for the murder of his father. Shakespeare humanizes the play, gives the audience something to relate to – loyalty between father and son. This is perhaps a component, which contributes to the success of Hamlet. Hamlet first learns of the real situation behind his fathers’ death when the ghost of his father visits him in Act 1, Scene V. He is told that his father was murdered. This confirms the suspicion Hamlet had before, and spurs him into thoughts of revenge straight away. ‘Haste me to know’t, that I, with wings as swift As meditation or the thoughts of love, May sweep to my revenge. ‘ (Lines 29-31). This statement from Hamlet quite early on is a complete contrast to what action Hamlet does actually take and the time it takes him to act. He speaks here of wanting to take quick revenge but in fact Hamlet waits and seeks evidence to prove that Claudius was responsible for his father’s death. He spends the next four and a half acts deliberating over how and when he should take revenge, and seeks confirmation for himself of Claudius’ guilt by the use of the ‘Mouse-Trap’. This takes place in Act 3, Scene 2, when Claudius asks for light during the play at the point where, Gonzago pours poison into the King’s ear. As Hamlet knows, this is very similar to the situation in which his father died. Claudius realises this as well and rises dramatically. This is confirmation enough for Hamlet and brings him to true recognition of his fathers’ death, yet Hamlet still hesitates to kill him. Hamlets’ revenge plan is hidden from the rest of the court. It is very much behind closed doors and it is only Horatio to whom Hamlet tells the whole story. The other two main revengers – Fortinbras and Laertes are a great contrast to Hamlet in this way. Laertes and Fortinbras’ vengeance is discussed throughout the play, and both are very open compared to Hamlet, although Fortinbras does hide his motives from his uncle. Both these characters have similarities in their situation to Hamlet but both go about their revenge in very different ways. Even after Hamlet is sure beyond any doubts that Claudius is the murderer, he hesitates to kill him. Fortinbras, on the other hand, has been taking action even before the play begins. When the play does begin we learn that Demark is in a state of alert. The audience learn that the country has been preparing for a war, and from Horatio, the audience also learns that the young Fortinbras is getting ready for action against Denmark for the killing of his father and for the return of lands previously owned by Norway. This provides the audience with a lot of the background for the revenge theme and also suggests later events in the plot. From this introduction to Fortinbras we already get the impression that he is a soldier, a man of action, he doesn’t delay his revenge but plots it and takes his opportunities whenever they arrive. His character is a contrast to Hamlet and Hamlet realises this. In Hamlet’s Soliloquy in Act IV Scene IV, Hamlet is thinking about all the time he has wasted in not taking action. He sees how everything around him is taking shape, all except his own actions. The sight of Fortinbras’ determination to go against the Polish army for the honour of gaining such a small and trivial piece of land makes Hamlet annoyed with himself. After all, he is avenging the murder of his father and the disgracing of his mothers’ name, something much more important than a piece of land, yet he has not carried out his revenge, and has in fact, it seems, been putting it off. ‘How stand I, then, That have a father killed, a mother stained, Excitements of my reason and my blood, And let all sleep? ‘ (Lines 56-59). Hamlet is questioning himself and most importantly his actions, why has he just let things go? He knows he has had the opportunities, especially in Act III Scene III where he is in the position to kill Claudius. Hamlet finds the King kneeling-praying, and so has him at his mercy; but he does not kill him. Now might I do it pat, now he is praying; And now I’ll do’t – and so he goes to heaven; And so am I revenged – that would be scanned. A villain kills my father, and, for that, I, his sole son, do this same villain send To heaven. ‘ (Lines 73-78). At the beginning of his speech Hamlet is very dramatic, he has the confidence to kill Claudius on the spur of the moment. But as soon as there is time for him to think about what he is doing, like in this situation, his resolution fails and he makes excuses for himself. Hamlet feels his revenge will not be fulfilled if, murdering the King while he is praying sends his soul straight to heaven. However, we can see this as just another reason for Hamlet to put off taking his revenge. It is the event taking place that turns Hamlet’s thoughts. He is ashamed, before his eyes are twenty-thousand men willing to fight and die for a piece of land virtually worthless, when he himself is unable to kill his fathers murderer even when presented with the perfect opportunity. It is this event that turns Hamlet, makes him form decisions and turns his thought into revenge. ‘O, from this time forth My thoughts be bloody, or be nothing worth! ‘ (Lines 65-66). At the end of this soliloquy Hamlet decides that all he will think about is his revenge against anyone that has done injustice towards him, it is time to act. Though we as the audience perhaps see this as ironic as Hamlet’s actions often contradict his words, we perhaps still wonder whether he will actually take his revenge. This scene makes Hamlet’s personality clear to the reader. He is shown against another Prince who is the exact opposite of him in the same situation. Hamlet is not an impulsive character, if he had been he would have committed murder straight away, but this would have meant there would have been no play to speak of. Hamlet cannot bring himself to do it, until now. Fortinbras’ pursuit of his goal has given Hamlet the example on how to act if an opportunity presents itself. Hamlet is so determined to do something he doesn’t want to think about the consequences anymore. This eventual attitude of Hamlet is similar to how Laertes has been throughout the play, he acts almost immediately when finding out that his father has been killed, he is almost irrational, he is passionate with his accusations and threats, and like Hamlet a menace to Claudius at this stage in the play. Unlike Hamlet, much like Fortinbras, Laertes is a man of action; he has no scruples and needs no corroborative evidence to support his courses of action. On his return to Denmark he is quickly standing before the King, accusing him of the death of Polonius. He wants immediate action and is determined to take revenge. ‘How came he dead? I’ll not be juggled with. To hell, allegiance! Vows, to the blackest devil! ‘ (Lines 127-128). Here Laertes speaks boldly and passionately – he will revenge! He uses curses – ‘To hell, allegiance! ‘ that would have appeared very evil to Shakespeare’s audiences. Laertes goes on to say that as long as he avenges his father’s death he doesn’t care what happens to him in life – or death. This emphasis the strength in Laertes’ character, he is determined to take revenge straight away and speaks of it in a similar way to Hamlet when Hamlet learnt of how his father was killed in Act I, Scene V. ‘O most pernicious woman! O villain, villain; smiling, damned villain! (Lines 105-106).

Platos The Republic Books 6 Through 10 Essay - 931 Words

Plato’s The Republic Books 6 through 10 nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In books 6 through 10 of Plato’s Republic, we see many different discussions on the subject of justice, philosophy, and goodness. The philosopher Socrates has now defined what a philosopher is. His next task is to show that a philosopher is best qualified to be the ruler of a state. A good ruler must surely know what Justice and Goodness are, for he must administer Justice and always act for the good of the community. But a philosopher, as we have seen, has knowledge of the Forms, so from this point of view at least, he is best qualified to be a ruler. A good ruler must have a good character as well as a good mind; he must always be truthful, high-minded, and†¦show more content†¦nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;This analogy does not tell us what Goodness is; it only gives us some idea of the relation in which Goodness stands to other intelligible or knowable things. He also tells about the Allegory of the Cave, which contains a number of important an d interesting messages. For one thing, it illustrates Plato’s belief that all knowledge is connected in the knowledge of Goodness itself. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The study of the five branches of mathematics, can serve only as an introduction to the real intellectual training that the future philosopher-rulers must receive. Plato considers mathematics to be the first stage in the intellectual education of the philosopher-ruler. If they have mastered mathematics, then they will have begun to think in abstract terms. However, we do not want them to be mathematicians, but rather philosophers. They must therefore learn to understand the nature of Reality- that is, they must grasp the Forms. To be able to do this, says Socrates, they must learn to argue logically. The science of logical argument is called â€Å"Dialetic.† We must, therefore, teach them Dialectic. Philosophers must learn the whole knowledge of Goodness and argue in Dialectic. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In Book VII, Socrates now outlines the entire program of study for the futureShow MoreRelatedThe Notions of Justice in The Republic and Antigone1707 Words   |  7 PagesWithin two classical works of philosophical literature, notions of justice are presented plainly. Plato’s The Republic and Sophocles’ Antigone both address elements of death, tyranny and immorality, morality, and societal roles. These topics are important elements when addressing justice, whether in the societal representation or personal representation. Antigone uses the concept of death in many ways when unfolding the tragic story of Antigone and her rebellion. The most obvious way is how deathRead MoreSocrates as Philosopher King Essay1709 Words   |  7 Pageschanged history.   The legendary Athenian, Socrates, was one such figure.   Socrates ushered in an era of philosophical inquiry that still lingers to this day.   In Book Seven of Platos The Republic, Socrates outlines his perfect regime.   According to Socrates, an enlightened Philosopher-King must rule such a regime.   Now suppose this Republic actually came into being, and Socrates was asked to rule it as a Philosopher King.   Would he?   Answering this begs three important questions:   Is Socrates a trueRead More plato Essay1175 Words   |  5 Pagescave, opulently describes beneficial metaphors and elaborate imagery about knowledge, ignorance, truth and lastly enlightenment. The allegory of the cave appears at the beginning of Book VII of Plato’s The Republic, which in itself is principally a study of justice, government and leadership. In The Republic, Plato describes a cave containing individuals confined to the cave floor, bound by shackles. They are unable to move their heads and stare incessantly at the cave wall directly in front ofRead MoreMimesis: Plato and Aristotle1536 Words   |  7 PagesMimesis: Plato and Aristotle 1,515 Words Philosophy 2348: Aesthetics\ The term ‘mimesis’ is loosely defined as ‘imitation’, and although an extensive paper could be written about the cogency of such a narrow definition, I will instead focus on Plato and Aristotle’s contrasting judgements of mimesis (imitation). I will spend one section discussing Plato’s ideas on mimesis and how they relate to his philosophy of reality and the forms. I will then spend a section examining Aristotle’s differingRead MoreEssay on Plato on the Existence of Negative Forms4235 Words   |  17 PagesPlato on the Existence of Negative Forms The question of the origin and nature of evil in the world has preoccupied philosophers throughout history. 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All three of these men had very convincing arguments about the true nature of justice, but it is impossible to say now, or mostRead More Researching Socratic Pedagogy and Education in Platos Republic4973 Words   |  20 Pagesan d Education in Platos Republic ABSTRACT: Though Plato never wrote a dialogue that explicitly asks, What is education?, few argue that he is uninterested in the subject; after all, Plato, like Socrates, was a teacher. In his magnum opus, the Republic, Plato deals with education repeatedly. The eduction of the guardian class and the allegory of the cave present two landmark pedagogical passages. Yet to catch a glimpse of Socratic pedagogy, we must first sift through the intricacies of dialogue